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MONEL 400, ALLOY 400
UNS N04400
Monel 400 is a nickel-copper alloy (about 67% Ni – 23% Cu) that is resistant to sea water and steam at high temperatures as well as to salt and caustic solutions. Alloy 400 is a solid solution alloy that can only be hardened by cold working. This nickel alloy exhibits characteristics like good corrosion resistance, good weldability and high strength. A low corrosion rate in rapidly flowing brackish or seawater combined with excellent resistance to stress-corrosion cracking in most freshwaters, and its resistance to a variety of corrosive conditions led to its wide use in marine applications and other non-oxidizing chloride solutions. This nickel alloy is particularly resistant to hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids when they are de-aerated. As would be expected from its high copper content, alloy 400 is rapidly attacked by nitric acid and ammonia systems.
Monel 400 has great mechanical properties at subzero temperatures, can be used in temperatures up to 1000° F, and its melting point is 2370-2460° F. However, alloy 400 is low in strength in the annealed condition so, a variety of tempers may be used to increase the strength.
Characteristics of Monel 400
| Chemical Composition, % | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | Mn | S | Si | Ni | Cu | Fe |
| .30 max | 2.00 max | .024 max | .50 max | 63.0 min | 28.0-34.0 | 2.50 max |
Corrosion Resistant Monel 400
Alloy 400 is virtually immune to chloride ion stress corrosion cracking in typical environments. Generally, its corrosion resistance is very good in reducing environments, but poor in oxidizing conditions. It is not useful in oxidizing acids, such as nitric acid and nitrous. Nevertheless, it is resistant to most alkalis, salts, waters, food products, organic substances and atmospheric conditions at normal and elevated temperatures.
This nickel alloy is attacked in sulfur-bearing gases above approximately 700° F and molten sulfur attacks the alloy at temperatures over approximately 500° F.
Monel 400 offers about the same corrosion resistance as nickel but with higher maximum working pressures and temperatures and at a lower cost due to its superior ability to be machined.
Applications of Monel 400
| Mechanical Properties | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Condition | Solution Annealed | Cold Worked | Hot Worked |
| Tensile Strength ( Mpa ) | 559 | 686 | 637 |
| 0.2% Yield Strength ( Mpa ) | 255 | 539 | 490 |
| Elongation ( % ) | 48 | 30 | 45 |
| Hardness ( HB ) | 135 | 110 | 190 |
